A 2008 study published in the Chiropractic & Osteopathy journal measured 102 women and found that 80% were wearing the wrong size. A larger 2024 fit-industry survey put the number at 75–85%. The pattern is consistent across countries and decades.
The two biggest reasons
First, the outdated "+4" measurement formula taught in many books and online. Second, the assumption that going up a band is the same as going up a cup. Neither is true.
How to fix it
Use a modern method: round your under-bust to the nearest even number (no plus-four). Subtract under-bust from bust to get cup. Try the calculated size on the loosest band hook.
The result
Most women drop 2 band sizes and gain 2 cup sizes. A typical 36C is actually a 32E. The cup volume is the same — the support is dramatically better.